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java.lang.Object java.util.Date
public class Date
The class Date
represents a specific instant
in time, with millisecond precision.
This class is now effectively deprecated by the Time Framework for Java.
The equivalent class and replacement is Instant
.
A method, toInstant()
, is provided for conversion.
This class also implements InstantProvider
allowing instances
to be directly passed to many APIs in the new framework.
The Time Framework for Java is the third date-time API in Java.
The Date
class was the first, and was the only one available
prior to JDK 1.1. At that time, it had two additional functions.
It allowed the interpretation of dates as year, month, day, hour,
minute, and second values. It also allowed the formatting and parsing
of date strings. Unfortunately, the API for these functions was not
amenable to internationalization. As of JDK 1.1, the second date-time
API, Calendar
, was introduced and the majority of methods
on Date
were deprecated.
It is advised to use the newest date-time API wherever possible.
First preference is the Time Framework for Java, followed by the
Calendar
API, followed by the Date
API.
Although the Date
class is intended to reflect
coordinated universal time (UTC), it may not do so exactly,
depending on the host environment of the Java Virtual Machine.
Nearly all modern operating systems assume that 1 day =
24 × 60 × 60 = 86400 seconds
in all cases. In UTC, however, about once every year or two there
is an extra second, called a "leap second." The leap
second is always added as the last second of the day, and always
on December 31 or June 30. For example, the last minute of the
year 1995 was 61 seconds long, thanks to an added leap second.
Most computer clocks are not accurate enough to be able to reflect
the leap-second distinction.
Some computer standards are defined in terms of Greenwich mean time (GMT), which is equivalent to universal time (UT). GMT is the "civil" name for the standard; UT is the "scientific" name for the same standard. The distinction between UTC and UT is that UTC is based on an atomic clock and UT is based on astronomical observations, which for all practical purposes is an invisibly fine hair to split. Because the earth's rotation is not uniform (it slows down and speeds up in complicated ways), UT does not always flow uniformly. Leap seconds are introduced as needed into UTC so as to keep UTC within 0.9 seconds of UT1, which is a version of UT with certain corrections applied. There are other time and date systems as well; for example, the time scale used by the satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) is synchronized to UTC but is not adjusted for leap seconds. An interesting source of further information is the U.S. Naval Observatory, particularly the Directorate of Time at:
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil
and their definitions of "Systems of Time" at:
http://tycho.usno.navy.mil/systime.html
In all methods of class Date
that accept or return
year, month, date, hours, minutes, and seconds values, the
following representations are used:
- 1900
.
In all cases, arguments given to methods for these purposes need not fall within the indicated ranges; for example, a date may be specified as January 32 and is interpreted as meaning February 1.
DateFormat
,
Calendar
,
TimeZone
,
Serialized FormConstructor Summary | |
---|---|
Date()
Allocates a Date object and initializes it so that
it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the
nearest millisecond. |
|
Date(InstantProvider instantProvider)
Constructs a Date object and initializes it to
represent the same point on the time-line as the specified instant. |
|
Date(int year,
int month,
int date)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date)
or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900, month, date) . |
|
Date(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hrs,
int min)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min) or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min) . |
|
Date(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hrs,
int min,
int sec)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min, sec) or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min, sec) . |
|
Date(long date)
Allocates a Date object and initializes it to
represent the specified number of milliseconds since the
standard base time known as "the epoch", namely January 1,
1970, 00:00:00 GMT. |
|
Date(java.lang.String s)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by DateFormat.parse(String s) . |
Method Summary | |
---|---|
boolean |
after(Date when)
Tests if this date is after the specified date. |
boolean |
before(Date when)
Tests if this date is before the specified date. |
java.lang.Object |
clone()
Return a copy of this object. |
int |
compareTo(Date anotherDate)
Compares two Dates for ordering. |
boolean |
equals(java.lang.Object obj)
Compares two dates for equality. |
int |
getDate()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) . |
int |
getDay()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK) . |
int |
getHours()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) . |
int |
getMinutes()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE) . |
int |
getMonth()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) . |
int |
getSeconds()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND) . |
long |
getTime()
Returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT represented by this Date object. |
int |
getTimezoneOffset()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by -(Calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +
Calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / (60 * 1000) . |
int |
getYear()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) - 1900 . |
int |
hashCode()
Returns a hash code value for this object. |
static long |
parse(java.lang.String s)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by DateFormat.parse(String s) . |
void |
setDate(int date)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, int date) . |
void |
setHours(int hours)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, int hours) . |
void |
setInstant(InstantProvider instantProvider)
Sets the instant represented by this Date to be the same as
the provided Instant . |
void |
setMinutes(int minutes)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, int minutes) . |
void |
setMonth(int month)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, int month) . |
void |
setSeconds(int seconds)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, int seconds) . |
void |
setTime(long time)
Sets this Date object to represent a point in time that is
time milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT. |
void |
setYear(int year)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, year + 1900) . |
java.lang.String |
toGMTString()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by DateFormat.format(Date date) , using a
GMT TimeZone . |
Instant |
toInstant()
Converts this object to an Instant . |
java.lang.String |
toLocaleString()
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by DateFormat.format(Date date) . |
java.lang.String |
toString()
Converts this Date object to a String
of the form:
|
static long |
UTC(int year,
int month,
int date,
int hrs,
int min,
int sec)
Deprecated. As of JDK version 1.1, replaced by Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min, sec) or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min, sec) , using a UTC
TimeZone , followed by Calendar.getTime().getTime() . |
Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object |
---|
finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait |
Constructor Detail |
---|
public Date()
Date
object and initializes it so that
it represents the time at which it was allocated, measured to the
nearest millisecond.
System.currentTimeMillis()
public Date(long date)
Date
object and initializes it to
represent the specified number of milliseconds since the
standard base time known as "the epoch", namely January 1,
1970, 00:00:00 GMT.
date
- the milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT.System.currentTimeMillis()
public Date(InstantProvider instantProvider)
Date
object and initializes it to
represent the same point on the time-line as the specified instant.
An InstantProvider
is a simple interface that is implemented by
numerous date-time classes. It provides a mechanism to convert those
objects to an instance of Instant
which is then used to
initialize the time of this Date
.
Instant
uses a precision of nanoseconds, whereas
Date
uses a precision of milliseconds. The conversion will
drop any excess precision information as though the amount in nanoseconds
was subject to integer division by one million.
Instant
can store points on the time-line further in the
future and further in the past than Date
. In this scenario,
this constructor will throw an exception.
instantProvider
- the provider of an instant to convert, not null.
java.lang.NullPointerException
- if instantProvider
is null.
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the instant is too large to
represent as a Date
.@Deprecated public Date(int year, int month, int date)
Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date)
or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900, month, date)
.
Date
object and initializes it so that
it represents midnight, local time, at the beginning of the day
specified by the year
, month
, and
date
arguments.
year
- the year minus 1900.month
- the month between 0-11.date
- the day of the month between 1-31.Calendar
@Deprecated public Date(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min)
Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min)
or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min)
.
Date
object and initializes it so that
it represents the instant at the start of the minute specified by
the year
, month
, date
,
hrs
, and min
arguments, in the local
time zone.
year
- the year minus 1900.month
- the month between 0-11.date
- the day of the month between 1-31.hrs
- the hours between 0-23.min
- the minutes between 0-59.Calendar
@Deprecated public Date(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min, int sec)
Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min, sec)
or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min, sec)
.
Date
object and initializes it so that
it represents the instant at the start of the second specified
by the year
, month
, date
,
hrs
, min
, and sec
arguments,
in the local time zone.
year
- the year minus 1900.month
- the month between 0-11.date
- the day of the month between 1-31.hrs
- the hours between 0-23.min
- the minutes between 0-59.sec
- the seconds between 0-59.Calendar
@Deprecated public Date(java.lang.String s)
DateFormat.parse(String s)
.
Date
object and initializes it so that
it represents the date and time indicated by the string
s
, which is interpreted as if by the
parse(java.lang.String)
method.
s
- a string representation of the date.DateFormat
,
parse(java.lang.String)
Method Detail |
---|
public java.lang.Object clone()
clone
in class java.lang.Object
@Deprecated public static long UTC(int year, int month, int date, int hrs, int min, int sec)
Calendar.set(year + 1900, month, date,
hrs, min, sec)
or GregorianCalendar(year + 1900,
month, date, hrs, min, sec)
, using a UTC
TimeZone
, followed by Calendar.getTime().getTime()
.
year
- the year minus 1900.month
- the month between 0-11.date
- the day of the month between 1-31.hrs
- the hours between 0-23.min
- the minutes between 0-59.sec
- the seconds between 0-59.
Calendar
@Deprecated public static long parse(java.lang.String s)
DateFormat.parse(String s)
.
It accepts many syntaxes; in particular, it recognizes the IETF standard date syntax: "Sat, 12 Aug 1995 13:30:00 GMT". It also understands the continental U.S. time-zone abbreviations, but for general use, a time-zone offset should be used: "Sat, 12 Aug 1995 13:30:00 GMT+0430" (4 hours, 30 minutes west of the Greenwich meridian). If no time zone is specified, the local time zone is assumed. GMT and UTC are considered equivalent.
The string s is processed from left to right, looking for data of interest. Any material in s that is within the ASCII parenthesis characters ( and ) is ignored. Parentheses may be nested. Otherwise, the only characters permitted within s are these ASCII characters:
and whitespace characters.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 0123456789,+-:/
A consecutive sequence of decimal digits is treated as a decimal number:
SimpleDateFormat
.
A consecutive sequence of letters is regarded as a word and treated as follows:
Once the entire string s has been scanned, it is converted to a time result in one of two ways. If a time zone or time-zone offset has been recognized, then the year, month, day of month, hour, minute, and second are interpreted in UTC and then the time-zone offset is applied. Otherwise, the year, month, day of month, hour, minute, and second are interpreted in the local time zone.
s
- a string to be parsed as a date.
DateFormat
@Deprecated public int getYear()
Calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR) - 1900
.
Date
object, as interpreted in the local
time zone.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setYear(int year)
Calendar.set(Calendar.YEAR, year + 1900)
.
Date
object is modified so
that it represents a point in time within the specified year,
with the month, date, hour, minute, and second the same as
before, as interpreted in the local time zone. (Of course, if
the date was February 29, for example, and the year is set to a
non-leap year, then the new date will be treated as if it were
on March 1.)
year
- the year value.Calendar
@Deprecated public int getMonth()
Calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)
.
0
and 11
,
with the value 0
representing January.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setMonth(int month)
Calendar.set(Calendar.MONTH, int month)
.
month
- the month value between 0-11.Calendar
@Deprecated public int getDate()
Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH)
.
1
and 31
representing the day of the month that contains or begins with the
instant in time represented by this Date object, as
interpreted in the local time zone.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setDate(int date)
Calendar.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, int date)
.
date
- the day of the month value between 1-31.Calendar
@Deprecated public int getDay()
Calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK)
.
Calendar
@Deprecated public int getHours()
Calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY)
.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setHours(int hours)
Calendar.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, int hours)
.
hours
- the hour value.Calendar
@Deprecated public int getMinutes()
Calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE)
.
0
and 59
.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setMinutes(int minutes)
Calendar.set(Calendar.MINUTE, int minutes)
.
minutes
- the value of the minutes.Calendar
@Deprecated public int getSeconds()
Calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND)
.
0
and 61
. The
values 60
and 61
can only occur on those
Java Virtual Machines that take leap seconds into account.
Calendar
@Deprecated public void setSeconds(int seconds)
Calendar.set(Calendar.SECOND, int seconds)
.
seconds
- the seconds value.Calendar
public long getTime()
public void setTime(long time)
Date
object to represent a point in time that is
time
milliseconds after January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT.
time
- the number of milliseconds.public boolean before(Date when)
when
- a date.
true
if and only if the instant of time
represented by this Date object is strictly
earlier than the instant represented by when;
false
otherwise.
java.lang.NullPointerException
- if when
is null.public boolean after(Date when)
when
- a date.
true
if and only if the instant represented
by this Date object is strictly later than the
instant represented by when;
false
otherwise.
java.lang.NullPointerException
- if when
is null.public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)
true
if and only if the argument is
not null
and is a Date
object that
represents the same point in time, to the millisecond, as this object.
Thus, two Date
objects are equal if and only if the
getTime
method returns the same long
value for both.
equals
in class java.lang.Object
obj
- the object to compare with.
true
if the objects are the same;
false
otherwise.getTime()
public int compareTo(Date anotherDate)
compareTo
in interface java.lang.Comparable<Date>
anotherDate
- the Date
to be compared.
0
if the argument Date is equal to
this Date; a value less than 0
if this Date
is before the Date argument; and a value greater than
0
if this Date is after the Date argument.
java.lang.NullPointerException
- if anotherDate
is null.public int hashCode()
getTime()
method. That is, the hash code is the value of the expression:
(int)(this.getTime()^(this.getTime() >>> 32))
hashCode
in class java.lang.Object
public java.lang.String toString()
Date
object to a String
of the form:
where:dow mon dd hh:mm:ss zzz yyyy
toString
in class java.lang.Object
toLocaleString()
,
toGMTString()
@Deprecated public java.lang.String toLocaleString()
DateFormat.format(Date date)
.
%c
" format supported by the strftime()
function of ISO C.
DateFormat
,
toString()
,
toGMTString()
@Deprecated public java.lang.String toGMTString()
DateFormat.format(Date date)
, using a
GMT TimeZone
.
d mon yyyy hh:mm:ss GMTwhere:
The result does not depend on the local time zone.
DateFormat
,
toString()
,
toLocaleString()
@Deprecated public int getTimezoneOffset()
-(Calendar.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) +
Calendar.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET)) / (60 * 1000)
.
Date
object.
For example, in Massachusetts, five time zones west of Greenwich:
because on February 14, 1996, standard time (Eastern Standard Time) is in use, which is offset five hours from UTC; but:new Date(96, 1, 14).getTimezoneOffset() returns 300
because on June 1, 1996, daylight saving time (Eastern Daylight Time) is in use, which is offset only four hours from UTC.new Date(96, 5, 1).getTimezoneOffset() returns 240
This method produces the same result as if it computed:
(this.getTime() - UTC(this.getYear(), this.getMonth(), this.getDate(), this.getHours(), this.getMinutes(), this.getSeconds())) / (60 * 1000)
Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET
,
Calendar.DST_OFFSET
,
TimeZone.getDefault()
public final void setInstant(InstantProvider instantProvider)
Date
to be the same as
the provided Instant
.
An InstantProvider
is a simple interface that is implemented by
numerous date-time classes. It provides a mechanism to convert those
objects to an instance of Instant
which is then used to
set the time of this Date
.
Instant
uses a precision of nanoseconds, whereas
Date
uses a precision of milliseconds. The conversion will
drop any excess precision information as though the amount in nanoseconds
was subject to integer division by one million.
Instant
can store points on the time-line further in the
future and further in the past than Date
. In this scenario,
this method will throw an exception.
instantProvider
- the provider of an instant to convert, not null.
java.lang.NullPointerException
- if instantProvider
is null.
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
- if the instant is too large to
represent as a Date
.toInstant()
,
setTime(long)
public final Instant toInstant()
Instant
.
The conversion creates an Instant
that represents the
same point on the time-line as this Date
.
If the implementation of this class supports leap seconds, then the conversion must correctly take them into account.
toInstant
in interface InstantProvider
setInstant(InstantProvider)
,
getTime()
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